We have repudiated the world's commitment to a regime of law among nations, a commitment that began in earnest with the Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907, took fledgling form in the League of Nations and the World Court, and culminated in the 1945 founding of the United Nations?
We have destroyed, an international order for peace and respect among nations that has been painstakenly assembled over more than a century.
This is the choice facing Britains as our government breaches these laws of humankind's hopes.
Under international law, military action is lawful only when specifically authorized by the United Nations Security Council or undertaken in self-defense against an existing or imminent armed attack. [1]
The Bush/Blair administration spurns this legal framework, even though our constitution provides that treaties we have signed--such as the U.N. Charter--form part of the supreme law of our land. [2]
We are not under attack by Iraq--quite the opposite--and the Security Council has not approved military action.
The U.K and U.S.. at times seems to suggest that individual member states have the right to use force to "enforce" Security Council resolutions that don't themselves authorise force, but the administration doesn't actually believe that.
We could be sure of this in an instant if, for example, several Arab nations decided to attack Israel to "enforce" the dozens of Security Council resolutions Israel has been violating for decades.
No, War on Iraq is aggression in its most primal form, the crime for which we hung Nazi officials at Nuremberg, and continue to prosecute individuals who have puseud the same premise and actions taken by Blair and Bush. [3]
If abandoning the rule of law seems too insignificant an objection to The British/Americans, are we prepared to accept moral responsibility for the destruction of Iraq?
The world's moral leaders have spoken.
The Pope has called the war a "defeat for humanity." [4]
South Africa's Nelson Mandela, the living embodiment of opposition to apartheid, warns that Bush will "plunge the world into a holocaust." [5]
The heads of Great Britain's Anglican and Roman Catholic churches issued a rare joint statement declaring that "doubts still persist" about the moral legitimacy of a war. [6]
The World Council of Churches has welcomed "the united and consistent message of heads of churches of every Christian tradition around the world against this war." [7]
According to the British physicians' group Medact, "credible estimates of the total possible deaths on all sides during the conflict and the following three months range from 48,000 to over 260,000. ... Additional later deaths from post-war adverse health effects could reach 200,000." [8]
A confidential U.N. report forecasts a "humanitarian emergency" in the event of war: [9]
* 30 percent of children under five (1.26 million) will be at risk of death from malnutrition.
* 10 million people, including 5,210,000 children under five and pregnant and lactating women, will be "highly food insecure."
* 2.5 million refugees will be created.
* 500,000 people will require medical care.
* 6.9 million people will require emergency water and sanitation intervention.
As a consequence of this lack of sanitation, another U.N. report predicts that the outbreak of diseases "in epidemic if not pandemic proportions" is "very likely." [10]
War has already psychologically killed and traumatized the ordinary people and children of Iraq, American (2000) and British Soldiers and their families. As five-year-old Shelma described to a reporter for the Independent, a London newspaper, "They come from above, from the air, and will kill us and destroy us. I can explain to you that we fear this every day and every night."
Assem, another five-year-old, put it this way: "They have guns and bombs and the air will be cold and hot and we will burn very much." [11]
Of course, many Iraqi children have been spared these fears.
They're already dead.
They will become another Statistic like those soldiers of other wars, whose deaths and injuries the government continue to deny.
In 1999, UNICEF estimated that half a million children under the age of five had died as a result of the Gulf War and the subsequent U.N. sanctions on Iraq. [12]
Do Americans/British people support the slaughter of Iraqi children?
Is it true, as John Mueller, an Ohio State University political scientist and expert on U.S. public opinion about war, has said, that Americans don't care about foreign casualties? [13]
Certainly then-Secretary of State Madeline Albright exemplified this tradition when, asked about the deaths of 500,000 Iraqi children, she affirmed that "we think the price is worth it." [14]
In response, I can only quote our president: If this is not evil, then evil has no meaning. [15]
And now the American people must decide if the destruction of Iraq--and the immolation of its children--is a further price we will ask the Iraqi people to pay.
NOTES
1. For other analyses of the legality of a U.S./U.K. attack on Iraq, see: Links to Opinions on Legality of the War. Return to text
2. Article VI, Clause 2, of the Constitution provides that "This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding." Return to text
3. The text of the Nuremberg proceedings is available online at the Avalon Project. Return to text
4. "Pope Says 'No' to War in Iraq," Reuters, January 13, 2003. Return to text
5. Japan Mathebula, "Nelson Mandela Calls Bush Shortsighted and Arrogant on Iraq; Implies Racism," Associated Press, January 30, 2003. Return to text
6. "Full Text of Archbishops' Statement on Iraq," The Guardian, February 20, 2003.
Stephen Bates, "Church Leaders Doubt Morality of War," The Guardian, February 20, 2003. Return to text
7. Executive Committee, World Council of Churches, "Statement Against Military Action in Iraq," February 18-21, 2003. Return to text
8. Medact, "Collateral Damage: The Health and Environmental Costs of War on Iraq," January 2003. Return to text
9. U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, "Integrated Humanitarian Contingency Plan for Iraq and Neighbouring Countries," January 7, 2003. Return to text
This report is discussed in:
* Jonathan Steele, "Secret UN Paper Predicts 1.5m Iraqi Refugees," The Guardian, February 15, 2003.
* Jonathan Steele, "Counting the Dead," The Guardian, January 29, 2003.
* Tarik Kafala, "Analysis: Humanitarian Consequences of War," BBC News Online, January 28, 2003.
For other discussions of the looming humanitarian disaster, see:
* Oxfam International, which warns that war with Iraq "would lead to a massive humanitarian crisis."
* Alison McCook, "War Risks Further Public Health Damage in Iraq," Reuters Health, February 21, 2003 (this discusses the Lancet report, just below).
* "Special Report [on the health consequences of war in Iraq]," The Lancet, February 22, 2003.
* Center for Economic and Social Rights, "The Human Cost of War in Iraq," February 2003.
* Hendawi Hamza, "Report: Death, Disease Await Iraqi Kids," Associated Press, January 26, 2003 (this discusses the International Study Team report, just below).
* International Study Team, "Our Common Responsibility: The Impact of a New War on Iraqi Children," January 30, 2003.
* "Open Letter to the Right Honourable Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the UK: Public Health and Humanitarian Effects of War on Iraq," The Lancet, January 25, 2003.
* Patricia Reaney, "Health Experts Warn of Massive Iraq Casualties," Reuters, January 23, 2003 (discussing the open letter listed just above). Return to text
10. The report, "Likely Humanitarian Scenarios," dated December 10, 2002, is marked "STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL." Return to text
This report is discussed in:
"UN Prepares for Huge Iraqi Casualties," BBC, January 7, 2003.
11. Leonard Doyle, "Vulnerable but Ignored: How Catastrophe Threatens the 12 million Children of Iraq," The Independent, February 12, 2003.
See also Suzanne Goldenberg, "Where the Young Learn that Fear Is a Way of Life," The Guardian, January 27, 2003. Return to text
12. 1999 Iraq Child and Maternal Mortality Surveys. Return to text
This followed the deaths of between 100,000 and 200,000 Iraqis of all ages during or shortly after the war. See:
* Beth Osborne Daponte, "A Case Study in Estimating Casualties from War and Its Aftermath: The 1991 Persian Gulf War" ["the number of Iraqis who died in 1991 from effects of the Gulf war or postwar turmoil approximates 205,500. There were relatively few deaths (approximately 56,000 to military personnel and 3,500 to civilians) from direct war effects. Postwar violence accounted for approximately 35,000 deaths. The largest component of deaths in this reconstruction derives from the 111,000 attributable to postwar adverse health effects. Of the total excess deaths in the Iraqi population, approximately 109,000 were to men, 23,000 to women, 74,000 to children."].
(For the government's resulting vendetta against Ms. Daponte, see Thomas Ginsberg, "War's Toll: 158,000 Iraqis and a Researcher's Position," Philadelphia Inquirer, January 5, 2003.)
* Jonathan Steele, "Counting the Dead," The Guardian, January 29, 2003 ["the UN calculated that between 3,500 and 15,000 civilians died during the war (plus between 100,000 and 120,000 Iraqi troops)"].
* Tarik Kafala, "Analysis: Humanitarian Consequences of War," BBC, January 28, 2003 ["Estimates for civilian deaths as a direct result of the war range from 100,000 to 200,000"].
* Thomas Ginsberg, "War's Toll: 158,000 Iraqis and a Researcher's Position," Philadelphia Inquirer, January 5, 2003.
* Francis A. Boyle, "United States War Crimes During the Persian Gulf War," February 20, 1998.
* "Needless Deaths in the Gulf War: Civilian Casualties During the Air Campaign and Violations of the Laws of War," Human Rights Watch, 1991.
* Ramsey Clark, "War Crimes: A Report on United States War Crimes Against Iraq to the Commission of Inquiry for the International War Crimes Tribunal." Return to text
13. Thomas Ginsberg, "War's Toll: 158,000 Iraqis and a Researcher's Position," Philadelphia Inquirer, January 5, 2003. John Mueller also said "When we ask people point-blank in polls, they say it does matter. But the polling evidence suggests it really doesn't in the end. ... How many American lives is worth one Somali life? Not one." Return to text
14. Secretary of State Madeline Albright was asked about these sanctions in an interview by Leslie Stahl on the May 12, 1996, edition of the TV program "60 Minutes." Stahl asked, "We have heard that over half a million children have died. I mean, that's more than died in Hiroshima. And, you know, is the price worth it?" To this question Madeline Albright responded, "I think this is a very hard choice. But the price-- we think the price is worth it." Return to text
15. "The State of the Union," January 28, 2003. Return to text
Update History
March 7: Four newest references added to footnote 1, on the illegality of an attack on Iraq.
Article 18 March 2003
Full list of anti-war MPs voting against war on Iraq on 18.03.03
Labour:
Diane Abbott, Graham Allen, John Austin, Tony Banks, Harry Barnes, John Battle, Andrew Bennett, Joe Benton, Roger Berry, Harold Best, Bob Blizzard, Keith Bradley, Kevin Brennan, Karen Buck, Richard Burden, Anne Campbell, Ronnie Campbell, Martin Caton, David Chaytor, Michael Clapham, Helen Clark, Tom Clarke, Tony Clarke, Harry Cohen, Iain Coleman, Michael Connarty, Frank Cook, Robin Cook, Jeremy Corbyn, Jim Cousins, Tom Cox, David Crausby, Ann Cryer, John Cryer, Tam Dalyell , Valerie Davey, Ian Davidson, Denzil Davies, Terry Davis, Hilton Dawson, John Denham, Parmjit Dhanda, Jim Dobbin, Frank Dobson, Frank Doran, David Drew, Huw Edwards, Clive Efford, Bill Etherington, Mark Fisher, Paul Flynn, Hywel Francis, George Galloway, Neil Gerrard, Ian Gibson, Roger Godsiff, Win Griffiths, John Grogan, Patrick Hall, David Hamilton, Fabian Hamilton, Dai Havard, Doug Henderson, Stephen Hepburn, David Heyes, David Hinchliffe, Kate Hoey, Jimmy Hood, Kelvin Hopkins, Joan Humble, Brian Iddon, Eric Illsley, Glenda Jackson, Helen Jackson, Jon Owen Jones, Lynne Jones, Martyn Jones, David Kidney, Peter Kilfoyle, Mark Lazarowicz, David Lepper, Terry Lewis, Tony Lloyd, Ian Lucas, Iain Luke, John Lyons, Christine McCafferty, John McDonnell, Ann McKechin, Kevin McNamara, Tony McWalter, Alice Mahon, Jim Marshall, Robert Marshall-Andrews, Eric Martlew, Julie Morgan, Chris Mullin, Denis Murphy, Doug Naysmith, Eddie O'Hara, Diana Organ, Albert Owen, Linda Perham, Peter Pike, Kerry Pollard, Gordon Prentice, Gwyn Prosser, Ken Purchase, John Robertson, Joan Ruddock, Martin Salter, Mohammad Sarwar, Malcolm Savidge, Philip Sawford, Brian Sedgemore, Debra Shipley, Alan Simpson, Marsha Singh, Chris Smith, Llew Smith, George Stevenson, Gavin Strang, Graham Stringer, David Taylor, Jon Trickett, Paul Truswell, Desmond Turner, Bill Tynan, Rudi Vis, Joan Walley, Robert Wareing, Alan Whitehead, Alan Williams, Betty Williams, Mike Wood, Tony Worthington, David Wright, Tony Wright, Derek Wyatt
The 16 Conservative MPs who backed the rebel amendment were:
Peter Ainsworth, Richard Bacon, Tony Baldry, John Baron, Kenneth Clarke, John Gummer, John Horam, Douglas Hogg, Edward Leigh, Humphrey Malins, Andrew Murrison, Richard Page, John Randall, Jonathan Sayeed, Ian Taylor, Andrew Turner
All 53 Liberal Democrat MPs and 11 other MPs also backed the amendment.
We have destroyed, an international order for peace and respect among nations that has been painstakenly assembled over more than a century.
This is the choice facing Britains as our government breaches these laws of humankind's hopes.
Under international law, military action is lawful only when specifically authorized by the United Nations Security Council or undertaken in self-defense against an existing or imminent armed attack. [1]
The Bush/Blair administration spurns this legal framework, even though our constitution provides that treaties we have signed--such as the U.N. Charter--form part of the supreme law of our land. [2]
We are not under attack by Iraq--quite the opposite--and the Security Council has not approved military action.
The U.K and U.S.. at times seems to suggest that individual member states have the right to use force to "enforce" Security Council resolutions that don't themselves authorise force, but the administration doesn't actually believe that.
We could be sure of this in an instant if, for example, several Arab nations decided to attack Israel to "enforce" the dozens of Security Council resolutions Israel has been violating for decades.
No, War on Iraq is aggression in its most primal form, the crime for which we hung Nazi officials at Nuremberg, and continue to prosecute individuals who have puseud the same premise and actions taken by Blair and Bush. [3]
If abandoning the rule of law seems too insignificant an objection to The British/Americans, are we prepared to accept moral responsibility for the destruction of Iraq?
The world's moral leaders have spoken.
The Pope has called the war a "defeat for humanity." [4]
South Africa's Nelson Mandela, the living embodiment of opposition to apartheid, warns that Bush will "plunge the world into a holocaust." [5]
The heads of Great Britain's Anglican and Roman Catholic churches issued a rare joint statement declaring that "doubts still persist" about the moral legitimacy of a war. [6]
The World Council of Churches has welcomed "the united and consistent message of heads of churches of every Christian tradition around the world against this war." [7]
According to the British physicians' group Medact, "credible estimates of the total possible deaths on all sides during the conflict and the following three months range from 48,000 to over 260,000. ... Additional later deaths from post-war adverse health effects could reach 200,000." [8]
A confidential U.N. report forecasts a "humanitarian emergency" in the event of war: [9]
* 30 percent of children under five (1.26 million) will be at risk of death from malnutrition.
* 10 million people, including 5,210,000 children under five and pregnant and lactating women, will be "highly food insecure."
* 2.5 million refugees will be created.
* 500,000 people will require medical care.
* 6.9 million people will require emergency water and sanitation intervention.
As a consequence of this lack of sanitation, another U.N. report predicts that the outbreak of diseases "in epidemic if not pandemic proportions" is "very likely." [10]
War has already psychologically killed and traumatized the ordinary people and children of Iraq, American (2000) and British Soldiers and their families. As five-year-old Shelma described to a reporter for the Independent, a London newspaper, "They come from above, from the air, and will kill us and destroy us. I can explain to you that we fear this every day and every night."
Assem, another five-year-old, put it this way: "They have guns and bombs and the air will be cold and hot and we will burn very much." [11]
Of course, many Iraqi children have been spared these fears.
They're already dead.
They will become another Statistic like those soldiers of other wars, whose deaths and injuries the government continue to deny.
In 1999, UNICEF estimated that half a million children under the age of five had died as a result of the Gulf War and the subsequent U.N. sanctions on Iraq. [12]
Do Americans/British people support the slaughter of Iraqi children?
Is it true, as John Mueller, an Ohio State University political scientist and expert on U.S. public opinion about war, has said, that Americans don't care about foreign casualties? [13]
Certainly then-Secretary of State Madeline Albright exemplified this tradition when, asked about the deaths of 500,000 Iraqi children, she affirmed that "we think the price is worth it." [14]
In response, I can only quote our president: If this is not evil, then evil has no meaning. [15]
And now the American people must decide if the destruction of Iraq--and the immolation of its children--is a further price we will ask the Iraqi people to pay.
NOTES
1. For other analyses of the legality of a U.S./U.K. attack on Iraq, see: Links to Opinions on Legality of the War. Return to text
2. Article VI, Clause 2, of the Constitution provides that "This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding." Return to text
3. The text of the Nuremberg proceedings is available online at the Avalon Project. Return to text
4. "Pope Says 'No' to War in Iraq," Reuters, January 13, 2003. Return to text
5. Japan Mathebula, "Nelson Mandela Calls Bush Shortsighted and Arrogant on Iraq; Implies Racism," Associated Press, January 30, 2003. Return to text
6. "Full Text of Archbishops' Statement on Iraq," The Guardian, February 20, 2003.
Stephen Bates, "Church Leaders Doubt Morality of War," The Guardian, February 20, 2003. Return to text
7. Executive Committee, World Council of Churches, "Statement Against Military Action in Iraq," February 18-21, 2003. Return to text
8. Medact, "Collateral Damage: The Health and Environmental Costs of War on Iraq," January 2003. Return to text
9. U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, "Integrated Humanitarian Contingency Plan for Iraq and Neighbouring Countries," January 7, 2003. Return to text
This report is discussed in:
* Jonathan Steele, "Secret UN Paper Predicts 1.5m Iraqi Refugees," The Guardian, February 15, 2003.
* Jonathan Steele, "Counting the Dead," The Guardian, January 29, 2003.
* Tarik Kafala, "Analysis: Humanitarian Consequences of War," BBC News Online, January 28, 2003.
For other discussions of the looming humanitarian disaster, see:
* Oxfam International, which warns that war with Iraq "would lead to a massive humanitarian crisis."
* Alison McCook, "War Risks Further Public Health Damage in Iraq," Reuters Health, February 21, 2003 (this discusses the Lancet report, just below).
* "Special Report [on the health consequences of war in Iraq]," The Lancet, February 22, 2003.
* Center for Economic and Social Rights, "The Human Cost of War in Iraq," February 2003.
* Hendawi Hamza, "Report: Death, Disease Await Iraqi Kids," Associated Press, January 26, 2003 (this discusses the International Study Team report, just below).
* International Study Team, "Our Common Responsibility: The Impact of a New War on Iraqi Children," January 30, 2003.
* "Open Letter to the Right Honourable Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the UK: Public Health and Humanitarian Effects of War on Iraq," The Lancet, January 25, 2003.
* Patricia Reaney, "Health Experts Warn of Massive Iraq Casualties," Reuters, January 23, 2003 (discussing the open letter listed just above). Return to text
10. The report, "Likely Humanitarian Scenarios," dated December 10, 2002, is marked "STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL." Return to text
This report is discussed in:
"UN Prepares for Huge Iraqi Casualties," BBC, January 7, 2003.
11. Leonard Doyle, "Vulnerable but Ignored: How Catastrophe Threatens the 12 million Children of Iraq," The Independent, February 12, 2003.
See also Suzanne Goldenberg, "Where the Young Learn that Fear Is a Way of Life," The Guardian, January 27, 2003. Return to text
12. 1999 Iraq Child and Maternal Mortality Surveys. Return to text
This followed the deaths of between 100,000 and 200,000 Iraqis of all ages during or shortly after the war. See:
* Beth Osborne Daponte, "A Case Study in Estimating Casualties from War and Its Aftermath: The 1991 Persian Gulf War" ["the number of Iraqis who died in 1991 from effects of the Gulf war or postwar turmoil approximates 205,500. There were relatively few deaths (approximately 56,000 to military personnel and 3,500 to civilians) from direct war effects. Postwar violence accounted for approximately 35,000 deaths. The largest component of deaths in this reconstruction derives from the 111,000 attributable to postwar adverse health effects. Of the total excess deaths in the Iraqi population, approximately 109,000 were to men, 23,000 to women, 74,000 to children."].
(For the government's resulting vendetta against Ms. Daponte, see Thomas Ginsberg, "War's Toll: 158,000 Iraqis and a Researcher's Position," Philadelphia Inquirer, January 5, 2003.)
* Jonathan Steele, "Counting the Dead," The Guardian, January 29, 2003 ["the UN calculated that between 3,500 and 15,000 civilians died during the war (plus between 100,000 and 120,000 Iraqi troops)"].
* Tarik Kafala, "Analysis: Humanitarian Consequences of War," BBC, January 28, 2003 ["Estimates for civilian deaths as a direct result of the war range from 100,000 to 200,000"].
* Thomas Ginsberg, "War's Toll: 158,000 Iraqis and a Researcher's Position," Philadelphia Inquirer, January 5, 2003.
* Francis A. Boyle, "United States War Crimes During the Persian Gulf War," February 20, 1998.
* "Needless Deaths in the Gulf War: Civilian Casualties During the Air Campaign and Violations of the Laws of War," Human Rights Watch, 1991.
* Ramsey Clark, "War Crimes: A Report on United States War Crimes Against Iraq to the Commission of Inquiry for the International War Crimes Tribunal." Return to text
13. Thomas Ginsberg, "War's Toll: 158,000 Iraqis and a Researcher's Position," Philadelphia Inquirer, January 5, 2003. John Mueller also said "When we ask people point-blank in polls, they say it does matter. But the polling evidence suggests it really doesn't in the end. ... How many American lives is worth one Somali life? Not one." Return to text
14. Secretary of State Madeline Albright was asked about these sanctions in an interview by Leslie Stahl on the May 12, 1996, edition of the TV program "60 Minutes." Stahl asked, "We have heard that over half a million children have died. I mean, that's more than died in Hiroshima. And, you know, is the price worth it?" To this question Madeline Albright responded, "I think this is a very hard choice. But the price-- we think the price is worth it." Return to text
15. "The State of the Union," January 28, 2003. Return to text
Update History
March 7: Four newest references added to footnote 1, on the illegality of an attack on Iraq.
Article 18 March 2003
Full list of anti-war MPs voting against war on Iraq on 18.03.03
Labour:
Diane Abbott, Graham Allen, John Austin, Tony Banks, Harry Barnes, John Battle, Andrew Bennett, Joe Benton, Roger Berry, Harold Best, Bob Blizzard, Keith Bradley, Kevin Brennan, Karen Buck, Richard Burden, Anne Campbell, Ronnie Campbell, Martin Caton, David Chaytor, Michael Clapham, Helen Clark, Tom Clarke, Tony Clarke, Harry Cohen, Iain Coleman, Michael Connarty, Frank Cook, Robin Cook, Jeremy Corbyn, Jim Cousins, Tom Cox, David Crausby, Ann Cryer, John Cryer, Tam Dalyell , Valerie Davey, Ian Davidson, Denzil Davies, Terry Davis, Hilton Dawson, John Denham, Parmjit Dhanda, Jim Dobbin, Frank Dobson, Frank Doran, David Drew, Huw Edwards, Clive Efford, Bill Etherington, Mark Fisher, Paul Flynn, Hywel Francis, George Galloway, Neil Gerrard, Ian Gibson, Roger Godsiff, Win Griffiths, John Grogan, Patrick Hall, David Hamilton, Fabian Hamilton, Dai Havard, Doug Henderson, Stephen Hepburn, David Heyes, David Hinchliffe, Kate Hoey, Jimmy Hood, Kelvin Hopkins, Joan Humble, Brian Iddon, Eric Illsley, Glenda Jackson, Helen Jackson, Jon Owen Jones, Lynne Jones, Martyn Jones, David Kidney, Peter Kilfoyle, Mark Lazarowicz, David Lepper, Terry Lewis, Tony Lloyd, Ian Lucas, Iain Luke, John Lyons, Christine McCafferty, John McDonnell, Ann McKechin, Kevin McNamara, Tony McWalter, Alice Mahon, Jim Marshall, Robert Marshall-Andrews, Eric Martlew, Julie Morgan, Chris Mullin, Denis Murphy, Doug Naysmith, Eddie O'Hara, Diana Organ, Albert Owen, Linda Perham, Peter Pike, Kerry Pollard, Gordon Prentice, Gwyn Prosser, Ken Purchase, John Robertson, Joan Ruddock, Martin Salter, Mohammad Sarwar, Malcolm Savidge, Philip Sawford, Brian Sedgemore, Debra Shipley, Alan Simpson, Marsha Singh, Chris Smith, Llew Smith, George Stevenson, Gavin Strang, Graham Stringer, David Taylor, Jon Trickett, Paul Truswell, Desmond Turner, Bill Tynan, Rudi Vis, Joan Walley, Robert Wareing, Alan Whitehead, Alan Williams, Betty Williams, Mike Wood, Tony Worthington, David Wright, Tony Wright, Derek Wyatt
The 16 Conservative MPs who backed the rebel amendment were:
Peter Ainsworth, Richard Bacon, Tony Baldry, John Baron, Kenneth Clarke, John Gummer, John Horam, Douglas Hogg, Edward Leigh, Humphrey Malins, Andrew Murrison, Richard Page, John Randall, Jonathan Sayeed, Ian Taylor, Andrew Turner
All 53 Liberal Democrat MPs and 11 other MPs also backed the amendment.
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